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SignalRAY®

Simplified 24/7 real-time test panels for most common clinical findings in routine veterinary radiographs

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Second set of eyesTM on veterinary x-rays

SignalRAY patented technology is an advanced technology that utilizes AI and deep machine learning to assess companion animal radiographs in real time to provide proven, reliable results on 50+ radiographic test results instantly.

Our industry-leading artificial intelligence provides objective, consistent, data-driven results on radiographic studies to support you, the veterinary practitioner, with the information and confidence to make the best possible decisions and ensure high-quality outcomes for your patients and clients.

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What is SignalPET?

SignalRAY offers the most cutting edge technology in veterinary medicine for accurate real-time results at the point of care, at affordable prices.

What is SignalPET Video

SignalRAY Test Panels

SignalRAY's patented veterinary AI technology uses machine learning to assess companion animal radiographs in real time for normals and abnormals to aid practitioners in the diagnostic process.

Our 50+ currently supported test panels were chosen specifically to provide clinicians with point-of-care decision making support for over 80% of cases where radiographs are utilized in general and emergency practices – vomiting, coughing, diarrhea and lameness.

A major benefit of AI is that it can decipher digital images and detect abnormalities in a more comprehensive and superior manner to that of the human eye. It looks at every film in its entirety, every time.  It is not subject to human errors such as "tunnel vision" or subjectivity.

Download SignalRAY Test Panel List

Click on the test name to read more

THORAX PANELS
Cardiac Panel
Vertebral Heart Score
VHS - Vertebral heart score

Test description
Measurement of heart size based on comparison of cardiac silhouette dimensions against thoracic vertebral body length

DDx
Cardiomyopathy, valvular disease, pericardial disease, congenital, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal VHS test suggests enlargement of cardiac size based on measurement of the axes of the heart compared against the thoracic vertebrae. It is important to note that rotation, breed, right or left lateral recumbency, respiratory phase, along with other factors can affect measurements. Interpreted along with clinical signs and physical exam findings, differentials for cardiomegaly may include cardiomyopathy, valvular disease, pericardial disease, congenital disease, or other pathology. Further testing including echocardiography and electrocardiogram should be considered for definitive diagnosis.

Left Atrial Enlargement New
LAE - Left Atrial Enlargement

Test description
Assessment for evidence of enlargement of the left atrium

DDx
Valvular disease, cardiomyopathy, other

Abnormal description
Left atrial size is assessed on the lateral view based on appearance of a bulge at the dorsocaudal cardiac border, straightening of the caudal heart border, widening of the cardiac silhouette at the heart base, and dorsal displacement of the trachea. An abnormal test indicates that there is enlargement of the left atrium based on the presence of one or multiple characteristics listed above. In some instances, a heart base mass or hilar mass cannot be distinguished from an enlarged left atrium. Primary differential diagnoses for left atrial enlargement include mitral valve disease, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, or left ventricular failure. Further testing including echocardiography should be considered for definitive diagnosis.

Pulmonary Panel
Cranioventral Parenchymal Pattern
CVP - Cranioventral Parenchymal Pattern

Test description
Assessment for an interstitial and/or alveolar pattern in the cranioventral lungs

DDx
Pneumonia, pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumonitis, neoplasia, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test correlates with the presence of an increased opacity within the caudodorsal region of the lungs (right caudal lung lobe, accessory lung lobe, and/or left caudal lung lobe) likely representative of an interstitial and/or alveolar pattern. Lung opacity can be affected by radiographic technique, respiratory phase, obesity of the patient, and other factors. Diagnosis should be based on clinical signs, species, and physical exam findings; the primary differential diagnosis for this pattern is pulmonary edema, with other differentials including atelectasis, or other causes.

Caudodorsal Parenchymal Pattern
CDP - Caudodorsal Parenchymal Pattern

Test description
Assessment for an interstitial and/or alveolar pattern in the caudodorsal lungs

DDx
Pulmonary edema, atelectasis, hemorrhage, pneumonia, neoplasia, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test correlates with the presence of an increased opacity within the caudodorsal region of the lungs (right caudal lung lobe, accessory lung lobe, and/or left caudal lung lobe) likely representative of an interstitial and/or alveolar pattern. Lung opacity can be affected by radiographic technique, respiratory phase, obesity of the patient, and other factors. Diagnosis should be based on clinical signs, species, and physical exam findings; the primary differential diagnosis for this pattern is pulmonary edema, with other differentials including atelectasis, or other causes.

Diffuse Parenchymal Pattern
DPP - Diffuse Parenchymal Pattern

Test description
Assessment for an interstitial and/or alveolar pattern in both the cranioventral and caudodorsal lungs

DDx
Pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, ARDS, neoplasia, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test for diffuse parenchymal pattern indicates that both the cranioventral and caudodorsal lungs are affected with an interstitial and/or alveolar pattern. Lung opacity can be affected by radiographic technique, respiratory phase, obesity of the patient, and other factors. Differential diagnoses include pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, pulmonary fibrosis, ARDS, neoplasia, and other causes.

Bronchial Pulmonary Pattern
BPP - Bronchial Pulmonary Pattern

Test description
Assessment for lung changes typically associated with airway pathology

DDx
Allergic/asthma/inflammatory, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test indicates that thickening and increased opacity of bronchial walls are observed in the visible lung fields. Presence of these radiographic signs indicates inflammation of the lower airways through radiographic technique, concurrent disease, and other factors may affect the appearance of the lower airways. Differential diagnoses include allergic disease, asthma, infectious or inflammatory disease, normal age-related changes, or other pathologies. Further diagnostics should be determined by correlating signalment, clinical signs, and physical exam findings.

Thoracic Mass(es)
TMS - Thoracic Mass(es)

Test description
Assessment for an abnormal opacity within the thorax

DDx
Neoplasia, fungal, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test for thoracic mass indicates a soft tissue opacity observed within the thorax. Masses may be homogenous, heterogenous, or mineralized; and may be of pulmonary, mediastinal, lymphatic, or musculoskeletal origin. Primary differentials include neoplasia, fungal disease, or other causes. Results of this test should be interpreted along with physical exam findings and clinical signs as well as with radiographic signs from additional views to determine a definitive diagnosis.

Extrapulmonary Panel
Esophageal Distention
ESD - Esophageal distension

Test description
Assessment for distension of the esophagus

DDx
Aerophagia, megaesophagus, esophagitis, foreign body, other

Abnormal description
The esophagus is assessed on the lateral view, with a normal esophagus being difficult to visualize, and abnormal distension characterized by visualization of a soft tissue band representative of the esophageal wall. The esophagus may be distended or dilated with fluid, gas, or material that may represent ingesta or foreign matter. Distension can be generalized or segmented. Causes may include aerophagia, megaesophagus, esophagitis, foreign body, or other pathologies. Interpreted along with clinical signs, additional diagnostics may be considered such as endoscopy or contrast study.

Esophageal Foreign Body
EFB - Esophageal foreign body

Test description
Assessment for foreign material in the esophagus

DDx
Esophageal foreign body, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test for esophageal foreign body indicates that an abnormal opacity has been identified within the esophagus or overlying the esophageal region. Interpreted together with clinical signs, additional diagnostics should be considered such as endoscopy or contrast study.

Diaphragmatic Hernia New
DHA - Diaphragmatic hernia

Test description
Assessment for abdominal viscera within the thoracic cavity

DDx
Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, peritoneal pericardial diaphragmatic hernia, hiatal hernia, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test for diaphragmatic hernia indicates abdominal viscera (liver, stomach, spleen, small intestine, colon, pancreas, omentum) has been detected in the thoracic cavity. Presence of a diaphragmatic hernia may be recognized by the appearance of tubular gas filled structures in the thorax, abnormal soft tissue opacity within the thorax, enlarged cardiac silhouette with or without gas opacities, and/or incomplete diaphragm margins.

Pleural Gas
PNX - Pleural gas/pneumothorax

Test description
Assessment for air in the pleural space

DDx
Pneumothorax, other

Abnormal description
Evidence of air within the pleural space of the thorax is characterized by retraction of lung margins from thoracic wall, separated by a radiolucent space, displacement of the heart from the sternum, or the presence of small radiolucencies within the pleural space. An abnormal test is indicative of pneumothorax, but may also be interpreted as abnormal in cases of pneumomediastinum or subcutaneous emphysema. Thoracocentesis should only be performed based on clinical signs and exam findings.

Pleural Fluid
PEF - Pleural fluid

Test description
Assessment for fluid in the pleural space

DDx
Heart failure (cats), neoplasia, pyothorax, hemothorax, chylothorax, hypoproteinemia, other

Abnormal description
Fluid within the pleural space can be identified by prominent pleural fissure lines, retraction of lung margins from the diaphragm or chest wall, or focal accumulation of soft tissue dense opacity. Some of these findings may not be differentiated from pleural thickening or thoracic wall deformities. Primary differentials include heart failure (in cats), neoplasia, pyothorax, chylothorax, hypoproteinemia, or other causes. Additional diagnostics to consider based on clinical signs and exam findings include TFAST scan, thoracocentesis, or other advanced imaging.

ABDOMEN PANELS
Urogenital Panel
Renal Mineralization
RMN - Renal mineralization

Test description
Assessment for mineralization of one or both kidneys

DDx
Nephroliths, dystrophic mineralization, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test indicates mineral opacity observed within one or both kidneys. Multiple radiographic views or abdominal ultrasound may be necessary to definitively determine if the mineral is within the kidney versus overlying intestine or other structures. Primary differential diagnoses include nephroliths, dystrophic mineralization, or other causes.

Renomegaly
RMG - Renomegaly

Test description
Assessment for enlargement of the renal silhouette

DDx
Acute kidney failure, renal compensatory hypertrophy, hydronephrosis, renal neoplasm, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test for renomegaly suggests one or both kidneys are enlarged based on measurement comparing the length of the kidney to the length of the lumbar vertebrae. Differential diagnoses include acute kidney failure, renal compensatory hypertrophy, hydronephrosis, renal neoplasm, or other causes. Clinical signs, signalment, physical exam findings, etc. should be considered with radiographic findings to determine if further diagnostics are indicated such as bloodwork, abdominal ultrasound, etc.

Small Kidney
SKD - Small kidney(s)

Test description
Assessment for one or more pathologically small kidney(s)

DDx
Chronic kidney disease, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test for small kidney suggests one or both kidneys are small in size based on measurement comparing the length of the kidney to the length of the lumbar vertebrae. The primary differential diagnosis is chronic kidney disease though other causes can lead to small kidneys. Clinical signs, signalment, physical exam findings, etc. should be considered with radiographic findings to determine if further diagnostics are indicated such as bloodwork, abdominal ultrasound, etc.

Urinary Bladder Calculi
UBC - Urinary bladder calculi

Test description
Assessment for mineral within the urinary bladder silhouette

DDx
Urolithiasis, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test indicates that an abnormal/mineral opacity has been detected over the outline of the bladder. The most likely diagnosis being urolithiasis, other causes can be ruled out with additional diagnostics such as additional radiographic images, contrast study, abdominal ultrasound, etc.

Uterine Distention
UTD - Uterus distension

Test description
Assessment for an enlargement of the uterus/uterine horns as a result of pregnancy, fluid, or neoplasia

DDx
Pregnancy, pyometra, mucometra, hydrometra, neoplasia, other

Abnormal description
Detection of distended tubular organs within the abdomen suspected to be uterine horns. Enlargement of the uterine horns can be a result of pregnancy, fluid (pyometra/mucometra/hydrometra), or neoplasia. Radiographic signs should be interpreted with signalment, clinical signs, patient history, and physical exam findings to determine additional diagnostics or treatment.

Urethral Calculi
URC - Urethral calculi

Test description
Assessment for mineral within the urethra

DDx
Urolithiasis, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test indicates that an abnormal/mineral opacity has been detected in the region of the male urethra. The most likely diagnosis is urolithiasis, but other causes including overlapping structure(s) can contribute to the appearance of abnormal opacities. Clinical signs and physical exam findings should be considered in determining additional diagnostics or treatment.

Gastrointestinal Panel
Gastric Distension
GAD - Gastric distension

Test description
Assessment for an overly distended stomach

DDx
Aerophagia, post-prandial, food bloat, gastric outflow obstruction, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test indicates distension of the stomach. Distension is evaluated based on the shape and size of the stomach and relation of the fundus to the vertebrae or ribs. Causes of stomach distension can be attributed to benign or pathologic processes. Differential diagnoses include aerophagia, post-prandial, food bloat, gastric outflow obstruction, or other causes. Radiographic signs should be interpreted along with clinical signs and physical exam findings to determine significance.

Gastric Material
GMT - Gastric material

Test description
Assessment for material within the stomach which may be ingesta, foreign material, or a moderate amount of fluid

DDx
Normal ingesta- fluid, food, etc, gastric foreign body, gastric mass, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test indicates presence of material within the stomach which may be ingesta, foreign material, or a moderate amount of fluid. Radiographic signs should be interpreted along with clinical signs and physical exam findings to determine significance. Differential diagnoses may include normal ingesta (food, fluid, etc.), gastric foreign body, gastric mass, or other cause.

Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus
GDV - Gastric dilatation and volvulus

Test description
Assessment for dilatation of the stomach with rotation on its axis

DDx
GDV

Abnormal description
An abnormal test indicates a dilated stomach with evidence of rotation on its axis (GDV) evidenced by displacement of the pylorus into the dorsal abdomen. Diagnosis is best judged in right lateral recumbency. Stabilization of the patient and surgery are recommended. Occasional instances of GDV with 360 degree rotation may not have the same radiographic signs recognized by this test.

Small Intestinal Foreign Material
SFB - Small intestinal foreign material

Test description
Assessment for material in the small intestine that is not consistent with the typical appearance of ingesta, gas, or fluid

DDx
Ingesta-normal, foreign material/foreign body, mass lesion, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal finding indicates radiopaque material observed within the small intestine that is not consistent with the typical appearance of ingesta, gas, or fluid. This may represent ingesta or may represent a foreign body, mass lesion, or other abnormality. Based on clinical signs and physical exam findings, further diagnostics such as abdominal ultrasound could be performed for definitive diagnosis.

Small Intestinal Plication
SIP - Small intestinal plication

Test description
Assessment for bunching of small intestine often with abnormal intraluminal gas pattern

DDx
Linear foreign body, enteritis, other

Abnormal description
Bunching of the small intestine, often with an abnormal intraluminal gas pattern, indicates an abnormal finding and may be indicative of small intestinal plication. Differential diagnoses for small intestinal plication include linear foreign body, enteritis, or other causes. Abdominal ultrasound may be performed for definitive diagnosis if indicated by clinical signs, physical exam, and radiographic findings.

Two Populations of Small Intestine
SIO - Two populations of small intestine

Test description
Assessment for significant distension of portions of small intestine concurrent with the other portion empty or not distended

DDx
Mechanical obstruction, ileus-functional, enteritis, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test indicates that there is distension of a portion of small intestine with a concurrent population of small intestine that is empty or not distended. Differential diagnoses include mechanical obstruction, functional ileus, enteritis, or other causes. Clinical signs, physical exam findings, patient status along with radiographic signs should aid in determining which additional diagnostics should be performed. Additional diagnostics may include follow up radiographs, UGI contrast study, or abdominal ultrasound.

Extragastrointestinal Panel
Hepatomegaly
HMG - Hepatomegaly

Test description
Assessment for an enlargement of the hepatic silhouette

DDx
Hepatitis, hepatic lipidosis, hepatotoxicity, hepatic neoplasia, venous congestion, endocrinopathy, other

Abnormal description
Hepatomegaly is judged based on caudal displacement of the gastric axis, extension of the liver beyond the costal arch, and rounding of lobar margins. An abnormal test indicates that there is suspected enlargement of the liver based on the presence of one or more of the characteristics as observed in the lateral view. False positives may be seen in animals that are young, animals with deformities of the costal arch, or animals with caudal displacement of the diaphragm. An abnormal test should be interpreted along with clinical signs and physical exam findings. Primary differentials include hepatitis, hepatic lipidosis, hepatotoxicity, hepatic neoplasia, venous congestion, endocrinopathy, or other causes. Additional diagnostics such as a CBC and chemistry panel, specialized liver profiles, abdominal ultrasound, fine needle aspirate or biopsy may be necessary for definitive diagnosis.

Abdominal Mass Effect
AME - Abdominal mass effect

Test description
Assessment for a well defined mass or a mass effect in the abdomen

DDx
Neoplasia, abscess, granuloma, organomegaly, other

Abnormal description
The abdominal mass effect test evaluates for displacement of organs by an abnormal radiopacity suggesting a mass within the abdominal cavity. In some instances, these findings cannot be differentiated from organomegaly. Primary differentials include neoplasia, abscess, organomegaly or other causes and further imaging such as abdominal ultrasound or CT should be considered. Additional diagnostics and definitive diagnosis should be determined based on interpretation of radiographic findings along with clinical signs, signalment, and physical exam findings.

Prominent Spleen
SMG - Prominent Spleen

Test description
Assessment for enlargement or irregularity of the spleen

DDx
Splenic neoplasia, splenic congestion, breed variant, other

Abnormal description
Changes observed within the tail or body of the spleen on the lateral view, including enlargement in size, rounded margins, or irregular margins, will trigger an abnormal test for splenomegaly. Abdominal ultrasound should be considered to determine a definitive diagnosis if indicated from clinical signs, medical history, and physical exam findings. Differential diagnoses for splenomegaly include splenic neoplasia, splenic congestion, breed variant, and other causes.

Limited Abdominal Detail
LAD - Limited abdominal detail

Test description
Assessment for a decrease in serosal detail or retroperitoneal detail

DDx
Abdominal effusion, emaciation, juvenile brown fat, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test may indicate decreased serosal detail in the abdomen, or decreased detail in the retroperitoneal space that may be localized or generalized. The presence of fluid, immaturity, decreased intra-abdominal fat, or radiographic technique can affect the visibility of organs within the abdomen. The primary differential diagnosis for this finding, in the absence of confounding factors, is abdominal effusion. Based on clinical signs and physical exam finding, further diagnostics should be considered including abdominal ultrasound or abdominocentesis.

SKELETON PANELS
Skull and Spine Panel
Cervical Disc Space Narrowing
CID - Cervical disc space narrowing

Test description
Assessment for disc space narrowing in the cervical spine

DDx
Intervertebral disc extrusion, positional, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test indicates that narrowing or collapse of a disc space has been identified in the cervical spine. Patient positioning, beam divergence, and radiographic technique can affect the appearance of disc spaces. Primary differentials for an abnormal test include intervertebral disc extrusion, positional artifact, or other causes. Additional diagnostics and treatment should be pursued if clinically warranted.

Spondylosis
SPN - Spondylosis

Test description
Assessment for bony bridging across intervertebral disc spaces

DDx
Chronic IVDD, age-related, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test for spondylosis indicates that bony bridging across intervertebral disc spaces has been detected in a lateral projection. Spondylosis deformans is considered a noninflammatory degenerative disorder, typically of no clinical significance. Differential diagnoses include chronic IVDD, age related changes, or other causes.

Thoracolumbar Disc Space Narrowing
TID - Thoracolumbar disc space narrowing

Test description
Assessment for disc space narrowing in the thoracolumbar spine

DDx
Intervertebral disc extrusion, positional, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test indicates that narrowing or collapse of a disc space has been identified in the thoracolumbar spine. Patient positioning, beam divergence, and radiographic technique can affect the appearance of disc spaces. Primary differentials for an abnormal test include intervertebral disc extrusion, positional artifact, or other causes. Additional diagnostics and treatment should be pursued if clinically warranted.

Vertebral Anomaly New
VAN - Vertebral anomaly

Test description
Assessment for congenital anomaly affecting the vertebra(e)

DDx
Hemivertebra, transitional vertebra, block vertebrae, spina bifida, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test for vertebral anomaly indicates that a vertebra or vertebrae with an irregular structure has been detected. Transitional vertebrae, hemivertebrae, and block vertebrae are the most common anomalies identified and can be present in both dogs and cats, though occurrence is higher in specific breeds.

Rib Fracture New
RFX - Rib fracture(s)

Test description
Assessment for fracture or multiple fractures of ribs

DDx
Traumatic fracture, healing fracture, rib lesion, other

Abnormal description
Interruption of the cortex is detected in one or multiple ribs. Fractures may be caused by trauma or bone pathology. Additional views may be necessary to adequately assess for a fracture.

Lytic/Blastic Bone Lesion
ABL - Lytic and/or blastic bone lesion

Test description
Assessment for a lytic and/or blastic bone lesion

DDx
Neoplasia, osteomyelitis, other

Abnormal description
Presence of a lesion within bone that is lytic and/or blastic. Summation or overlap of structures, radiographic technique, or other disease processes may affect appearance of bone. Based on clinical signs, signalment, physical exam findings, etc., further diagnostics may be necessary to diagnose neoplasia, osteomyelitis, or other cause of the suspected lesion.

Forelimb Panel
Appendicular Fracture
APF - Appendicular bone fracture

Test description
Assessment for one or more fractures of the appendicular skeleton

DDx
Traumatic fracture, pathologic fracture, other

Abnormal description
Interruption of the cortex is detected in an appendicular bone. Fractures may be caused by trauma or bone pathology. Additional views may be necessary to adequately assess for a fracture.

Lytic/Blastic Bone Lesion
ABL - Lytic and/or blastic bone lesion

Test description
Assessment for a lytic and/or blastic bone lesion

DDx
Neoplasia, osteomyelitis, other

Abnormal description
Presence of a lesion within bone that is lytic and/or blastic. Summation or overlap of structures, radiographic technique, or other disease processes may affect appearance of bone. Based on clinical signs, signalment, physical exam findings, etc., further diagnostics may be necessary to diagnose neoplasia, osteomyelitis, or other cause of the suspected lesion.

Shoulder Arthropathy
SAR - Shoulder arthropathy

Test description
Assessment for periarticular mineralization consistent with joint and/or regional tendon inflammation

DDx
Primary shoulder arthritis, soft tissue (tendon) inflammation, other

Abnormal description
Mineralization has been detected within the periarticular region of the shoulder, consistent with degenerative joint disease and/or regional tendon inflammation. This mineralization can represent calcification of the biceps tendon or supraspinatus, or it can represent osteophyte or enthesophyte formation. The most common sites for osteophyte formation include the caudal aspect of the humeral head, the glenoid rim, and the bicipital groove. Overlap of structures, obliquity of the shoulder joint, and other factors may affect visibility of the periarticular surfaces.

Elbow Periarticular Osteophytosis
EOA - Elbow periarticular osteophytosis

Test description
Assessment for osteophytes on the periarticular bone(s) of the elbow, typically indicative of osteoarthritis

DDx
Elbow DJD, elbow dysplasia, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test for elbow periarticular osteophytosis indicates the presence of osteophytes on the periarticular bone(s) of the elbow, typically indicative of degenerative joint disease. Common locations to find osteophytes include the anconeal process, medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, ulnar medial coronoid process, and cranioproximal radius. Differential diagnoses may include elbow dysplasia or other causes. Further diagnostics and treatment should be determined based on physical exam findings and clinical signs.

Pelvis Panel
Pelvic Fracture(s)
PFX - Pelvic fracture

Test description
Assessment for a fracture of one or more bones of the pelvis

DDx
Traumatic fracture, pathologic fracture, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test indicates the presence of a disruption of cortex in one or more bones of the pelvis. Fractures may be caused by trauma or bone pathology. Treatment options should be determined depending on location, chronicity, clinical signs, etc.

Hip Luxation
HLX - Hip luxation

Test description
Assessment for displacement of the femoral head from the acetabulum

DDx
Coxofemoral luxation

Abnormal description
An abnormal test indicates the presence of coxofemoral luxation, or displacement of the femoral head from the acetabulum. Coxofemoral luxation can result from trauma or hip dysplasia. Orthogonal views may be necessary to confirm the presence of luxation. Treatment should be determined based on physical exam findings, clinical signs, presence of degenerative disease in the joint, chronicity of the luxation, etc.

Lytic/Blastic Bone Lesion
ABL - Lytic and/or blastic bone lesion

Test description
Assessment for a lytic and/or blastic bone lesion

DDx
Neoplasia, osteomyelitis, other

Abnormal description
Presence of a lesion within bone that is lytic and/or blastic. Summation or overlap of structures, radiographic technique, or other disease processes may affect appearance of bone. Based on clinical signs, signalment, physical exam findings, etc., further diagnostics may be necessary to diagnose neoplasia, osteomyelitis, or other cause of the suspected lesion.

Hindlimb Panel
Appendicular Fracture
APF - Appendicular bone fracture

Test description
Assessment for one or more fractures of the appendicular skeleton

DDx
Traumatic fracture, pathologic fracture, other

Abnormal description
Interruption of the cortex is detected in an appendicular bone. Fractures may be caused by trauma or bone pathology. Additional views may be necessary to adequately assess for a fracture.

Lytic/Blastic Bone Lesion
ABL - Lytic and/or blastic bone lesion

Test description
Assessment for a lytic and/or blastic bone lesion

DDx
Neoplasia, osteomyelitis, other

Abnormal description
Presence of a lesion within bone that is lytic and/or blastic. Summation or overlap of structures, radiographic technique, or other disease processes may affect appearance of bone. Based on clinical signs, signalment, physical exam findings, etc., further diagnostics may be necessary to diagnose neoplasia, osteomyelitis, or other cause of the suspected lesion.

Stifle Periarticular Osteophytosis
SOA - Stifle periarticular osteoarthritis

Test description
Assessment for osteophytes on the periarticular bone(s) of the stifle, typically indicative of osteoarthritis

DDx
Femorotibial osteoarthritis, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal assignment for stifle periarticular osteophytosis indicates the presence of osteophytes on the articular surfaces of the stifle, typically indicative of degenerative joint disease. Most common sites for osteophyte or enthesophyte formation include the point of insertion of the gastrocnemius muscle, trochlear ridges, proximal tibia, both femoral epicondyles, proximal and distal patella, fabellae and popliteal sesamoids.

Stifle Effusion
SEF - Stifle effusion

Test description
Assessment for increased soft tissue opacity in stifle joint and displacement of the infrapatellar fat pad

DDx
Ligamentous instability, malformation, other

Abnormal description
An abnormal test for stifle effusion results from detection of an increased soft tissue opacity in the stifle joint and/or displacement of the infrapatellar fat pad. Positioning, radiographic technique, and overlapping structures may affect the appearance of the joint. Radiographic signs should be interpreted along with clinical signs and physical exam findings to determine a definitive diagnosis which may include ligamentous instability, malformation, or other causes.

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