Veterinary Glossary
A comprehensive resource designed to support veterinary professionals with clear, concise definitions across diagnostic imaging and clinical practice. Use this glossary to better understand key terms, improve communication, and enhance diagnostic confidence.
Canine Heart Disease Stages and the Role of Radiographs in Long-Term Management
Canine Heart Disease Stages and the Role of Radiographs in Long-Term Management Canine heart disease stages are not just diagnostic…
Cat Linear Foreign Body: Radiographic Findings, Diagnosis, and When Surgery Is Needed
Linear foreign bodies in cats, such as string or yarn, can anchor under the tongue or in the stomach and…
Thyroid carcinoma
A malignant tumor of the thyroid gland, often seen in older dogs. It may be functional (hormone-producing) or nonfunctional and…
Miliary nodular patterns
A radiographic pattern characterized by numerous, very small (1–3 mm), uniformly distributed nodules throughout the lungs, often associated with metastatic…
Diffuse nodular pattern
A lung pattern showing multiple nodules of varying sizes scattered throughout the pulmonary tissue, typically indicating metastasis, fungal infection, or…
Diffuse nodular-interstitial pattern
A combination of nodular and interstitial lung patterns, where nodules are present along with increased background lung opacity, suggesting widespread…
Solitary Pulmonary Mass
A single, well-defined mass within the lung, which may represent a primary lung tumor, abscess, granuloma, or metastatic lesion.
Structured Interstitial Pulmonary Pattern
An interstitial lung pattern where visible linear or reticular structures (e.g., thickened interlobular septa) create a more organized appearance, often…
Tracheobronchial Lymphadenopathy
Enlargement of lymph nodes located at the tracheal bifurcation and along the bronchi, commonly due to infection, inflammation, or neoplasia.
CT-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration
A minimally invasive diagnostic technique where a needle is guided by computed tomography (CT) imaging to collect cells from a…
Cancer staging
The process of determining the extent and spread of cancer within the body, including tumor size, lymph node involvement, and…
Chemotherapy
The use of cytotoxic drugs to treat cancer, aimed at killing or inhibiting the growth of rapidly dividing cells. In…
Thoracic radiograph
An X-ray image of the chest used to evaluate the heart, lungs, airways, pleura, and thoracic structures in animals.
Pulmonary patterns
Classifications used to describe lung disease based on how lung tissue is affected (e.g., alveolar, interstitial, bronchial, vascular). Characteristic appearances…
Pleural disease
Conditions affecting the pleural space, such as effusion, pneumothorax, or pleuritis. Abnormalities seen in the pleural space, including fluid lines,…
Left lateral view
A positioning technique where the animal lies on its left side for imaging. A projection in which the left side…
VD (Ventrodorsal) or DV (Dorsoventral)
Terms describing patient positioning for chest imaging. VD: X-ray beam passes from ventral (belly) to dorsal (back); animal lies on…
Poor Thoracic Radiograph Quality
An image that is not diagnostically useful due to positioning, motion, or exposure errors. Characterized by under/overexposure, rotation, motion blur,…
Adequate Thoracic Radiograph Quality
An image suitable for accurate diagnosis of thoracic disease. Proper exposure, full inspiration, correct positioning (no rotation), and complete inclusion…
Airways
The passages that conduct air from the nose to the lungs (trachea and bronchi). Tubular structures visible when outlined by…
Carina
The anatomical point where the trachea divides into the left and right mainstem bronchi. Seen as a subtle internal landmark…
Mainstem bronchi
The primary branches of the trachea entering each lung. Visible as air-filled tubular structures extending from the carina into the…
Tracheal deviation
Abnormal displacement of the trachea due to masses, cardiac enlargement, or lung disease.
Displaced bronchi (“bow-legged cowboy”)
A descriptive sign often associated with left atrial enlargement pushing the bronchi apart. Divergence of the mainstem bronchi on a…
Atrial enlargement
Increase in size of one or both atria, commonly due to heart disease. Changes in cardiac silhouette shape and secondary…
Bronchial thickening
Thickening of bronchial walls due to inflammation, infection, or chronic airway disease. Seen as “donuts” (end-on bronchi) or “tram lines”…
Voxel
The three-dimensional equivalent of a pixel used in CT and MRI. Each voxel represents a tiny volume of tissue and…
Wall Thickening
Increased thickness of the wall of a hollow organ (e.g. bladder stomach intestine) detected on ultrasound or CT. May indicate…
Window Level
A CT display setting that adjusts the brightness of the image to optimize visualization of specific tissue types (e.g. bone…
Window Width
A CT display setting that controls the range of density values displayed adjusting image contrast to highlight specific structures.
X-ray
Electromagnetic radiation used to create images of internal body structures based on tissue density. The most common imaging modality in…
Yelk Sign
A colloquial term sometimes used to describe a specific round lesion appearance on imaging. Not a standard medical term.
Zoonosis
A disease transmissible between animals and humans. Not a radiology term but radiologists may note incidental findings related to zoonotic…
Abdomen
The body region between the chest and pelvis containing the stomach intestines liver kidneys spleen and other organs. Frequently imaged…
Abdominal Radiograph
An X-ray image of the abdominal region used to evaluate organ size shape and position gas patterns and identify foreign…
Abscess
A localized collection of pus within a tissue or organ caused by infection. On ultrasound it appears as a fluid-filled…
Acid-Base Balance
Not strictly a radiology term but relevant to imaging of metabolic disease. Acid-base abnormalities can affect organ appearance on imaging.
Acoustic Gel
A water-based gel applied to the skin before ultrasound to improve contact between the probe and skin eliminating air gaps…
Adenocarcinoma
A type of malignant tumor arising from glandular tissue. May be detected in organs such as the lung colon kidney…
Adrenal Gland
A small gland located near each kidney. On ultrasound it can be identified and evaluated for masses (adrenal tumors) enlargement…
Air Sac
Thin-walled sacs that are part of the respiratory system in birds. Visible on avian X-rays. Disease causes increased opacity in…
Alopecia
Hair loss that can sometimes be associated with endocrine disorders detectable on imaging (e.g. adrenal tumors causing Cushing's disease).
Anesthesia Monitoring
The process of monitoring vital signs during imaging procedures requiring sedation or anesthesia. Important for patient safety during CT MRI…
Angioma
A benign tumor made up of blood vessels. May be detected on contrast imaging as an enhancing vascular lesion.
Aorta
The main artery of the body arising from the left ventricle of the heart. Visible on X-ray and CT as…
Aortic Stenosis
Narrowing of the aortic valve or the outflow tract from the heart. Detected on echocardiography and may cause heart enlargement…
Apex
The tip of an organ or structure such as the heart apex or lung apex. Visible on imaging and used…
Apocrine Gland Adenocarcinoma
A type of cancer arising from sweat glands in cats and dogs. May metastasize to lymph nodes and lungs visible…
Appendicular Skeleton
The bones of the limbs including the front and back legs. Contrasted with the axial skeleton (spine skull ribs). Frequently…
Artifact Reduction
Techniques used in imaging to minimize or eliminate artifacts that could obscure pathology or simulate disease.
Aspiration Biopsy
A procedure using a needle guided by ultrasound or CT to collect cells from a mass or lesion for cytological…
Atrophic Kidney
A kidney that has shrunk from its normal size due to chronic disease. On X-ray or ultrasound the kidney appears…
Pulmonary neoplasia/cancer
Abnormal, uncontrolled growth of cells in the lungs of dogs or cats, either primary or metastatic. Presence of primary or…
CT Scan
Home | Veterinary Glossary | CT Scan Related articles Musculoskeletal Hip Dysplasia in Dogs: Radiographic Diagnosis, Clinical Signs, and Treatment…
Bronchoalveolar carcinoma
A subtype of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by tumor growth along alveolar walls without invasion of underlying structures. A pulmonary tumor…
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant tumor arising from glandular epithelial cells, commonly found in the peripheral lung. The most common primary lung tumor…
Squamous cell carcinoma
A malignant tumor originating from squamous epithelium, usually located centrally in the lungs. Usually presenting as a central mass that…
Solitary lesion
Solitary pulmonary nodule : Single round opacity, could be benign or malignant. Solitary pulmonary mass : larger than a nodule…
lobulated cancer margins
Tumor borders that appear irregular and scalloped, suggesting uneven or aggressive growth.
Mammary carcinoma
A malignant tumor of the mammary (breast) glands in animals, most commonly seen in unspayed female dogs and cats. It…
Hemangiosarcoma
A highly malignant tumor arising from vascular endothelial cells (cells lining blood vessels). Common in dogs, especially affecting the spleen,…
Melanoma
A tumor of melanocytes (pigment-producing cells). In animals, it can be benign or malignant; malignant forms are common in the…
Slice Thickness
The thickness of each cross-sectional image acquired during CT or MRI scanning. Thinner slices provide more detail but increase scan…
Soft Tissue Opacity
The density seen on X-ray for soft tissues including muscle fat and fluid-filled organs. Less dense than bone but more…
Sonography
Another term for ultrasound imaging. Uses high-frequency sound waves to produce real-time images of internal structures.
Spatial Resolution
The ability of an imaging system to distinguish between two closely spaced objects. High spatial resolution means finer detail is…
Spinal Cord Compression
Narrowing of the spinal canal causing pressure on the spinal cord. Detected with myelography MRI or CT.
Spondylosis Deformans
A degenerative spinal condition in which bony bridges (osteophytes) form between vertebrae. Visible on X-ray as bone spurs along the…
Stenosis
Narrowing of a passage vessel or tube. Detected on contrast studies Doppler ultrasound or CT.
Stent
A small mesh tube placed inside a vessel or passage to keep it open. Visible on X-ray as a metallic…
Struvite
A type of mineral crystal that commonly forms urinary stones in dogs and cats. Struvite uroliths are visible on X-ray…
Subchondral Bone
The layer of bone just beneath the cartilage in a joint. Changes in subchondral bone (sclerosis cysts) are visible on…
Subluxation
Partial dislocation of a joint in which the surfaces are still partially in contact. Distinguished from full luxation on X-ray.
Superimposition
The overlapping of different anatomical structures on a 2D X-ray image making it difficult to distinguish individual structures.
Synovial Fluid
The lubricating fluid inside joints. Joint effusion (excess fluid) can be detected by X-ray (joint widening) or ultrasound (visible fluid).
T1-weighted Image
An MRI sequence that provides good anatomical detail. Fat appears bright and fluid appears dark.
T2-weighted Image
An MRI sequence in which fluid appears bright. Excellent for detecting edema inflammation and fluid-filled structures.
Technetium-99m
The most commonly used radioactive tracer in nuclear medicine/scintigraphy. It is injected and absorbed by specific organs for imaging.
Thoracentesis
A procedure in which fluid is removed from the chest cavity (pleural space) using a needle for diagnosis or treatment.…
Thoracic Radiograph
An X-ray image of the chest evaluating the lungs heart great vessels and thoracic structures.
Thrombus
A blood clot inside a vessel. On contrast CT or Doppler ultrasound it appears as a filling defect or area…
Trachea
The windpipe connecting the larynx to the bronchi. Visible on X-ray as a gas-filled tube in the neck and chest.…
Tracheal Collapse
A condition mainly seen in small breed dogs where the trachea flattens during breathing. Diagnosed with fluoroscopy or X-ray showing…
Transverse Plane
A horizontal cross-section of the body. CT images are typically acquired in the transverse plane.
Ultrasonography
The use of high-frequency sound waves to create images of internal structures. Non-invasive and does not use radiation.
Umbilical Hernia
A hernia at the navel (belly button) in which abdominal contents protrude through the umbilical ring. Detected on physical exam…
Unilateral
Occurring on one side of the body only. Used to describe findings on imaging limited to one lung liver lobe…
Ureter
The tube connecting the kidney to the bladder. Normally not visible on X-ray but can be seen on contrast urograms…
Ureterolithiasis
Stones (calculi) within the ureter. Can cause obstruction and hydronephrosis. Detected on plain X-ray CT or contrast urography.
Urethrogram
An X-ray study of the urethra performed by injecting contrast material. Used to detect strictures tears or stones in the…
Urolith
A stone or calculus that forms within the urinary tract (kidneys ureters bladder or urethra). Detected on X-ray ultrasound or…
Vasculature
The network of blood vessels in the body or within an organ. Evaluated using contrast CT Doppler ultrasound or angiography.
Ventral
Toward the belly (undersurface) of the animal. A standard directional term in veterinary imaging.
Ventriculomegaly
Enlargement of the ventricles of the brain detected on CT or MRI. May indicate hydrocephalus or brain atrophy.
Vertebral Column
The spinal column made up of individual vertebrae encasing the spinal cord. Evaluated on X-ray for fractures luxations or degenerative…
Vertebral Heart Score
A standardized method used in veterinary radiology to measure heart size on thoracic X-rays by comparing it to vertebral length.
Vesicoureteral Reflux
Backward flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters detected on contrast imaging (cystogram/voiding cystourethrogram).
View
A specific orientation or position in which a radiographic image is taken. Multiple views are typically needed for diagnosis.
Voiding Cystourethrogram
A contrast X-ray study performed while the patient urinates to evaluate the urethra and bladder for abnormalities.
Parenchyma
The functional tissue of an organ (as opposed to supporting structures). On imaging changes in parenchymal pattern can indicate organ…
Patellar Luxation
Dislocation of the kneecap (patella) to the inside or outside of its normal position. Diagnosed on X-ray by noting the…
Pathologic Fracture
A fracture that occurs through diseased or weakened bone due to tumor infection or metabolic disease rather than from trauma.
Pericardial Effusion
Accumulation of fluid around the heart within the pericardial sac. On X-ray the heart appears rounded and enlarged and on…
Perineal Hernia
A hernia occurring on either side of the tail in which pelvic or abdominal contents protrude into the perineal area.…
Periosteal Reaction
New bone formation on the outer surface of a bone in response to injury infection or tumor. Visible on X-ray…
Peristalsis
The rhythmic muscular contraction of the intestines that moves food through the digestive tract. Can be observed during fluoroscopic contrast…
Pleurodesis
A procedure to intentionally cause the pleural layers to stick together preventing fluid or air accumulation. Not directly an imaging…
Pneumonia
Infection or inflammation of the lungs causing the air spaces to fill with fluid or pus. On X-ray it appears…
Pneumoperitoneum
Free air or gas in the abdominal cavity. Detected on X-ray as a dark area under the diaphragm. Indicates perforation…
Pneumothorax
Accumulation of air in the chest cavity (pleural space) causing the lung to collapse. On X-ray the lung appears retracted…
Portal Hypertension
Increased blood pressure in the portal vein system of the liver. On ultrasound the portal vein may appear enlarged and…
Positron Emission Tomography
A nuclear medicine imaging technique that uses a radioactive tracer to detect metabolic activity. High metabolic areas like tumors appear…
Pseudomass
An apparent lesion on imaging that turns out to be a normal structure or artifact rather than a true pathology.
Pulmonary Edema
Accumulation of fluid in the lungs due to heart failure or other causes. On X-ray it appears as a fluffy…
Pulmonary Hypertension
Elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. On X-ray the pulmonary arteries may appear enlarged and on echocardiography right heart…
Pyelogram
An X-ray image of the kidney renal pelvis and ureter after administration of contrast material.
Pyothorax
Accumulation of pus in the chest cavity. On X-ray it appears similar to pleural effusion and the lung is compressed.
Radiolucent
A term describing a material or structure that allows X-rays to pass through easily appearing dark on the image. Examples…
Radiopaque
A term describing a material or structure that absorbs X-rays and appears white on the image. Examples include bone calcium…
Radiopharmaceutical
A radioactive compound injected into the body for nuclear medicine imaging (scintigraphy). It accumulates in specific organs or tissues depending…
Reconstruction
The process by which a computer uses raw data from CT or MRI to create images. Different reconstruction algorithms (kernels)…
Renal Calculus
A stone or calcification within the kidney. Appears as a bright white density on X-ray. May cause pain and obstruction.
Resorption
The process by which bone or other tissue is broken down and removed. On X-ray it appears as an area…
Reticular Pattern
A net-like or web-like pattern seen in the lungs on X-ray or CT. Associated with interstitial lung disease or fibrosis.
Retroperitoneum
The space behind the peritoneum (the membrane lining the abdominal cavity) containing the kidneys adrenal glands and major blood vessels.
Right Lateral View
A radiographic view taken with the animal lying on its right side. Commonly abbreviated as RL or R Lat.
Sagittal Plane
A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves. Used in MRI and CT to describe image…
Scintigraphy
A nuclear medicine imaging technique using a radioactive tracer to produce images of organ function. Used in veterinary medicine for…
Scoliosis
An abnormal lateral (side-to-side) curvature of the spine. Visible on dorsoventral X-ray as a curved spine.
Scout Image
A low-dose overview X-ray taken before a CT scan to plan the study and confirm patient positioning.
Sclerosis
Hardening and increased density of bone visible on X-ray as abnormally white areas. Can result from chronic pressure infection or…
Signal Intensity
The brightness or darkness of a structure in MRI imaging. Different tissues have characteristic signal intensities on T1 and T2…
Silhouette Sign
A radiographic finding in which the border between two structures disappears because they are the same density and are touching.…
Situs Inversus
A rare condition in which the internal organs are mirrored from their normal position. On X-ray the heart and other…
Isodense
Having the same density on CT as the surrounding tissue making it difficult to distinguish without contrast.
Isoechoic
Having the same echogenicity on ultrasound as the surrounding tissue making a lesion hard to detect.
Joint Effusion
Accumulation of fluid within a joint space. On X-ray the joint space may appear widened and on ultrasound fluid is…
Kyphosis
An abnormal upward curvature of the spine (humpback appearance) visible on lateral X-ray images.
Lateral View
A radiographic view taken from the side of the patient. It may be a right lateral (patient lying on right…
Lead Apron
Protective clothing worn by veterinary staff during X-ray procedures to shield from radiation exposure.
Lesion
An area of abnormal tissue or structure identified on imaging. Can describe tumors fractures infections or any abnormal finding.
Lordosis
An inward curvature of the spine (hollow back) visible on lateral X-ray. May be normal in some species or indicate…
Lucency
A dark area on an X-ray or CT image indicating a structure that allows more X-rays to pass through. Often…
Lymphadenopathy
Enlargement of one or more lymph nodes visible on imaging. May indicate infection inflammation or cancer.
Lytic Lesion
An area of bone destruction visible on X-ray as a dark or missing area within the bone. Often associated with…
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
An imaging technique using strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of soft tissues without radiation. Excellent…
Magnification
Deliberate enlargement of a small area on X-ray by changing the geometry (distance) between the patient and detector. Helps visualize…
Mass Effect
The displacement or compression of surrounding structures by a growing mass or lesion visible on imaging.
Mediastinum
The central compartment of the chest containing the heart great vessels trachea esophagus and lymph nodes. Visible on chest X-ray…
Medullary Cavity
The central hollow portion of a long bone containing bone marrow. Visible on X-ray as the relatively darker center of…
Megacolon
Abnormal enlargement of the colon usually due to chronic constipation or nerve problems. Visible on X-ray as a massively distended…
Megaesophagus
Abnormal dilation of the esophagus due to loss of motility. On X-ray it appears as a widened gas or fluid-filled…
Metastasis
The spread of cancer from its primary location to other parts of the body. In veterinary radiology lung metastases appear…
Mineralization
The deposition of mineral salts (usually calcium) in tissues. Appears as white areas on X-ray similar to bone.
M-mode Ultrasound
A type of ultrasound that displays a single line of information over time. Commonly used in echocardiography to measure cardiac…
Modality
A type of imaging method or technology. Common veterinary imaging modalities include radiography (X-ray) ultrasound CT MRI and scintigraphy.
Myelography
An X-ray or CT study of the spinal cord performed after injecting contrast material into the spinal fluid. Used to…
Nephrolith
A kidney stone visible on X-ray or CT as a dense white structure within the kidney.
Nodule
A small well-defined round or oval lesion in an organ such as the lung liver or spleen. May be benign…
Nuclear Medicine
An imaging specialty using small amounts of radioactive substances to create images of organ function. Common in veterinary medicine for…
Occlusion
Blockage of a vessel tube or passage. Detected on contrast imaging or Doppler ultrasound.
Opacity
A white or bright area on an X-ray image indicating absorption of X-rays by dense tissue such as bone fluid…
Orthogonal Views
Two radiographic views taken at 90 degrees to each other (usually lateral and dorsoventral or ventrodorsal). Required for accurate diagnosis…
Ossification
The process of bone formation. On X-ray new bone formation appears as white areas in areas that were previously soft…
Osteoarthritis
Degenerative disease of the joints causing cartilage breakdown and bone changes. On X-ray it shows as joint space narrowing osteophytes…
Osteolysis
Destruction or dissolution of bone often due to tumor infection or metabolic disease. Appears as dark areas within bone on…
Osteomyelitis
Infection of bone causing bone destruction and periosteal reaction. On X-ray it shows as lytic lesions and new bone formation.
Osteophyte
A bony outgrowth (spur) that develops around joints as part of degenerative joint disease. Visible on X-ray as irregular bony…
Osteoporosis
Decreased bone density and strength. On X-ray affected bones appear lighter (less opaque) than normal.
Osteosarcoma
The most common primary bone cancer in dogs. On X-ray it appears as a mixed lytic and productive lesion often…
PACS
Picture Archiving and Communication System. A computer system used to store retrieve and transmit digital medical images in a veterinary…
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas. On ultrasound the pancreas appears enlarged and hypoechoic and there may be surrounding free fluid.
Fluoroscopy
Real-time continuous X-ray imaging that displays moving images on a monitor. Used for dynamic studies such as swallowing evaluation or…
Focal Opacity
A localized area of increased whiteness on X-ray limited to one specific region rather than being widespread.
Foramen
A natural opening or hole in bone through which nerves or blood vessels pass. Visible on X-ray and CT. Enlargement…
Foreign Body
Any object inside the body that is not naturally there such as a swallowed toy or inhaled grass seed. X-ray…
Fracture
A break in a bone. X-rays are the primary tool for diagnosing fractures and are described by their location type…
Gadolinium
A contrast agent used in MRI imaging to improve visibility of abnormalities. It is injected intravenously and enhances areas with…
Gallbladder Mucocele
A condition in which the gallbladder fills with abnormally thick mucus creating a characteristic pattern on ultrasound. Can lead to…
Gas Pattern
The distribution and appearance of gas in the gastrointestinal tract on X-ray. Abnormal gas patterns may indicate obstruction ileus or…
Gastric Dilatation Volvulus
A life-threatening emergency in dogs in which the stomach fills with gas and rotates. On X-ray the stomach appears massively…
Gastrogram
An X-ray or fluoroscopic study of the stomach after administration of contrast material. Evaluates stomach size shape and emptying.
Granuloma
A small area of chronic inflammation in tissue that may calcify over time. Appears on X-ray or CT as a…
Ground-glass Opacity
A hazy area on CT or X-ray that partially obscures the underlying structures like frosted glass. Often indicates early inflammation…
Half-value Layer
The thickness of material required to reduce the X-ray beam intensity by half. Used to measure X-ray beam quality and…
Heart Base Tumor
A tumor arising at the base of the heart near major vessels. May be detected on X-ray as an enlarged…
Hemithorax
One half of the chest cavity (left or right). Used to describe the location of abnormalities such as unilateral pleural…
Hemothorax
Accumulation of blood in the chest cavity (pleural space). On X-ray it appears as a white hazy opacity on the…
Hepatomegaly
Enlargement of the liver visible on X-ray as the liver extending past its normal boundaries and on ultrasound as increased…
Herniation
Protrusion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening. In veterinary radiology common hernias include diaphragmatic inguinal and perineal…
High-resolution CT
A specialized CT technique using thin slices and high-resolution algorithms to produce very detailed images particularly useful for lung disease.
Hip Dysplasia
An abnormal development of the hip joint causing laxity pain and arthritis. Diagnosed by X-ray using standardized views and scoring…
Hounsfield Unit
A unit of measurement for tissue density on CT scans. Water measures 0 HU; bone is 400-1000 HU; fat is…
Hydronephrosis
Dilation (swelling) of the kidney caused by obstruction of urine flow. Detected on ultrasound as an enlarged fluid-filled kidney.
Hyperechoic
Appearing brighter than surrounding tissue on ultrasound. Often indicates fat gas calcification or dense tissue.
Hyperinflation
Excessive inflation of the lungs visible on X-ray as very dark lung fields with flattened diaphragm. Indicates air trapping as…
Hyperlucency
An area that appears abnormally dark (more transparent) on X-ray. May indicate air accumulation pneumothorax or decreased tissue density.
Hypoechoic
Appearing darker than surrounding tissue on ultrasound. Often indicates fluid cysts or certain tumors.
Hypoperfusion
Reduced blood flow to an organ or region. On contrast CT hypoperfused areas appear less bright than normally enhancing tissue.
Ileus
A condition in which intestinal movement (peristalsis) slows or stops causing accumulation of gas and fluid. Visible on X-ray as…
Image Intensifier
A device in fluoroscopy units that converts X-ray signals into a visible image displayed on a monitor in real time.
Infarction
Death of tissue due to interrupted blood supply. On imaging infarcts appear as areas that fail to enhance after contrast…
Infiltrate
An area of increased opacity in the lungs on X-ray representing fluid cells pus or other material in the air…
Interstitial Pattern
A lung pattern on X-ray showing changes in the tissue framework (interstitium) between the air sacs. Appears as fine lines…
Interventional Radiology
A medical specialty that uses imaging to guide minimally invasive procedures such as biopsies drainage and stent placement.
Intestinal Obstruction
A blockage in the intestines that prevents normal movement of food or fluid. On X-ray it shows as dilated loops…
Intravenous Contrast
A contrast agent injected into a vein to highlight blood vessels organs and tumors on CT or X-ray imaging.
Intussusception
A condition in which one segment of the intestine telescopes into an adjacent segment causing obstruction. Seen on ultrasound as…
Iodine Contrast
A type of contrast agent containing iodine used for X-ray and CT imaging. It appears white on images because iodine…
Coronary Plane
A vertical plane that divides the body into front (ventral) and back (dorsal) halves. Used in CT and MRI imaging…
Costochondral Junction
The point where the rib (bony portion) meets the cartilage. Visible on X-ray and may show abnormal changes in certain…
Cranial
Toward the head end of the animal. A standard directional term used in veterinary radiology.
Craniocaudal View
A radiographic view taken from the head end toward the tail end of the animal or limb. Often used for…
Crepitus
A grating sensation or sound caused by bone fragments or air in soft tissue. On X-ray it may be associated…
CT Angiography
A CT scan performed after injection of contrast material into the bloodstream to visualize blood vessels and detect vascular disease.
Cyst
A sac-like pocket of fluid or semi-solid material. On ultrasound cysts appear anechoic (black) with smooth walls and posterior enhancement.
Cystogram
An X-ray or CT image of the urinary bladder filled with contrast material to evaluate its size shape and integrity.
Decubitus View
A radiographic view taken with the patient lying on its side. Useful for detecting free fluid or gas that shifts…
Degenerative Joint Disease
Progressive deterioration of joint cartilage and bone visible on X-ray as narrowed joint spaces bone spurs or sclerosis.
Densitometry
Measurement of bone or tissue density on imaging. Used to assess bone mineral density and evaluate conditions like osteoporosis.
Diaphragm
The large muscle separating the chest and abdomen. Visible on X-ray and can be displaced by fluid masses or hernias.
Diaphragmatic Hernia
A condition in which abdominal organs (such as the stomach or intestines) move through a tear in the diaphragm into…
DICOM
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine. The international standard format for storing and transmitting medical images between systems.
Diffuse Opacity
A widespread area of increased whiteness on an X-ray image affecting large portions of the lung or organ rather than…
Digital Radiography
A modern X-ray system that captures images digitally using electronic detectors instead of traditional film. Provides faster results and better…
Doppler Ultrasound
A type of ultrasound that detects the speed and direction of blood flow by measuring frequency changes in reflected sound…
Dorsal
Referring to the back or top side of the animal. A standard directional term used in veterinary imaging.
Dorsoventral View
An X-ray view in which the beam passes from the back (dorsal) to the belly (ventral) of the animal. Commonly…
Double Contrast Study
An imaging technique using both a positive contrast agent (such as barium) and a negative contrast agent (air) to outline…
Dynamic Study
An imaging examination that captures motion over time such as fluoroscopy or contrast studies showing how organs function (e.g. swallowing…
Echocardiography
Ultrasound imaging of the heart to evaluate cardiac structure and function. Allows assessment of heart chambers valves and blood flow.
Echogenicity
The ability of a tissue to reflect ultrasound waves. Described as hyperechoic (bright) hypoechoic (dark) isoechoic (same brightness) or anechoic…
Edema
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues or cavities. On X-ray pulmonary edema appears as a white hazy pattern in the…
Effusion
A buildup of excess fluid in a body cavity such as the pleural space (chest) pericardial space (around the heart)…
Embolism
Blockage of a blood vessel by a clot air bubble or other foreign material. Detected on CT angiography or nuclear…
Emphysema
A condition in which air accumulates in abnormal places such as subcutaneous tissue (under the skin) or in the mediastinum.…
Endoscopy
A procedure using a flexible camera (endoscope) to visualize the inside of hollow organs such as the stomach or airway.…
Enema
Introduction of fluid (or contrast material) through the rectum into the colon for therapeutic purposes or to perform a contrast…
Enteritis
Inflammation of the small intestine. May be visible on X-ray as dilated fluid-filled loops of bowel or on ultrasound as…
Esophagram
An X-ray or fluoroscopic study of the esophagus (food tube) after swallowing contrast material such as barium.
Excretory Urogram
An X-ray study of the kidneys ureters and bladder after injection of contrast material into a vein. Evaluates kidney function…
Extravasation
Leakage of contrast material or fluid outside of a blood vessel or hollow organ into surrounding tissues. Detected on imaging…
Fading
Gradual loss of contrast or brightness on an X-ray image over time. Can occur with improper film processing or digital…
Fat Opacity
The appearance of fat on X-ray and CT. Fat is less dense than soft tissue and appears darker (more gray)…
Feline Asthma
A common respiratory condition in cats causing airway inflammation and bronchospasm. On X-ray it often shows a bronchial pattern and…
Fistula
An abnormal tunnel-like connection between two body structures or between an organ and the skin. Can be detected with contrast…
Fluid Line
A horizontal interface between fluid and air or gas seen on an upright or standing X-ray image. Indicates the presence…
Aliasing
An artifact in ultrasound or MRI where blood flow or motion appears to go in the wrong direction because the…
Alveolar Pattern
A type of lung pattern on X-ray where the air sacs (alveoli) are filled with fluid or cells instead of…
Analog Radiography
Traditional film-based X-ray imaging that uses light-sensitive film to capture images. Now largely replaced by digital systems.
Anechoic
Describing a structure on ultrasound that appears completely black because it produces no echoes. Usually indicates fluid.
Angiography
An imaging technique that uses contrast dye injected into blood vessels to visualize their structure and detect blockages or abnormalities.
Annular Lesion
In veterinary imaging and pathology, an annular lesion refers to a ring-shaped abnormality, often characterized by a central area with…
Aperture
The opening in an X-ray or CT machine through which the patient passes or through which the X-ray beam is…
Archiving
The process of storing digital medical images and reports for future reference. In veterinary practices this is done using PACS…
Artifact
Any feature on a medical image that does not represent actual anatomy or pathology but is caused by equipment limitations…
Ascites
Accumulation of free fluid in the abdominal cavity. On ultrasound and X-ray it appears as a large fluid collection surrounding…
Aspiration Pneumonia
Inflammation of the lungs caused by inhaling foreign material such as food or vomit. Appears on X-ray as areas of…
Atelectasis
Collapse or incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung. Appears as increased whiteness (opacity) on X-ray in the…
Attenuation
The weakening of an X-ray beam as it passes through tissue. Dense tissues like bone attenuate more and appear whiter…
Axial Plane
A horizontal cross-sectional view through the body — as if the body were sliced from front to back at a…
B-mode Ultrasound
The standard mode of ultrasound imaging that produces a 2D grayscale image of internal structures based on reflected sound waves.
Barium Contrast Study
A diagnostic imaging technique in which barium sulfate (a white liquid) is swallowed or given as an enema to outline…
Beam Hardening
A CT artifact in which the X-ray beam becomes harder (higher energy) as it passes through dense objects. Creates dark…
Biliary Sludge
A mixture of bile and crystals that appears as low-level echoes on ultrasound in the gallbladder. Often associated with liver…
Bone Scan
A nuclear medicine imaging technique using a radioactive tracer to detect areas of abnormal bone metabolism such as tumors fractures…
Bronchiectasis
Permanent widening and damage of the airways (bronchi) in the lungs. On X-ray and CT it appears as dilated thickened…
Bronchogram
An image of the bronchial tubes (airways) created by filling them with contrast material to outline their structure.
C-arm
A mobile X-ray machine shaped like the letter C that allows real-time imaging (fluoroscopy) during surgical or interventional procedures.
Calcification
The buildup of calcium in tissues or organs appearing as bright white areas on X-ray and CT. Can occur in…
Calculus
A hard mineral deposit that forms in organs such as the urinary bladder, kidneys or salivary glands. Appears as a…
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the heart visible on X-ray. Measured by the vertebral heart score (VHS) in veterinary patients.
Caudal
Toward the tail end of the animal. Used as a directional term in veterinary radiology to describe image orientation.
Cavitary Lesion
A hollow or cavity-containing area within tissue seen on imaging. May indicate abscess, tumor or fungal infection.
Centric
Referring to the center of an imaging field or body part. Used in positioning and image description.
Cephalic
Toward the head end of the animal. Used as a directional term in veterinary radiology.
Cholelithiasis
The presence of gallstones (stones in the gallbladder). Detected on ultrasound or X-ray as bright dense structures in the gallbladder.
Chylothorax
Accumulation of lymphatic fluid (chyle) in the chest cavity. Seen on X-ray as pleural effusion causing lung compression.
Collimation
The process of narrowing and shaping the X-ray beam to target only the area of interest reducing radiation exposure to…
Computed Tomography
An advanced imaging technique that uses X-rays taken from multiple angles and reconstructed by a computer to create detailed cross-sectional…
Consolidation
A condition in which the air spaces of the lungs fill with fluid cells or debris making the lung appear…
Contrast Agent
A substance introduced into the body to improve the visibility of internal structures on imaging studies. Can be given orally…
Contrast Enhancement
The increase in visibility of a structure on CT or MRI after contrast agent administration. Enhancing lesions have increased blood…
Contrast Resolution
The ability of an imaging system to distinguish between structures of slightly different densities or signal intensities.
Conventional Radiography
Standard X-ray imaging that produces flat 2D images on film or digital detector. The most common imaging modality in veterinary…
Esophagram
A contrast-enhanced radiographic examination of the esophagus using positive contrast media to define luminal morphology and mucosal integrity.
Air Bronchograms
A radiographic sign where air-filled bronchi are outlined by opaque, consolidated lung parenchyma, indicating alveolar disease.
Endoscopy
A diagnostic procedure utilizing a flexible endoscope to provide direct visualization of the esophageal and gastric mucosa.
Complete Blood Count
A quantitative and qualitative hematological analysis of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes to assess inflammation or anemia.
Biochemistry
A serum analysis measuring metabolic biomarkers, enzymes, and electrolytes to evaluate visceral organ function.
Urinalysis
A screening that evaluates the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine to assess renal and systemic health.
Mediastinal Mass
A space-occupying lesion within the mediastinum that may displace the trachea, esophagus, or heart.
Esophageal Foreign Body
The acute lodgment of an exogenous object within the esophageal lumen, often at sites of physiological narrowing.
Esophageal Perforation
A hole or tear in the wall of the esophagus, often caused by sharp foreign bodies or severe esophagitis, allowing…
Abdominocentesis
A procedure in which fluid is removed from the abdominal cavity using a needle for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Commonly…
Acoustic Enhancement
In veterinary ultrasound, acoustic enhancement (posterior enhancement) is increased echogenicity seen distal to fluid-filled structures (e.g., urinary bladder, cysts). It…
Acoustic Shadow
Acoustic shadowing is a dark (anechoic) area distal to highly attenuating structures such as bone, calculi (stones), or gas. These…
Acoustic Window
An acoustic window is a structure or area that allows optimal transmission of ultrasound waves to visualize deeper tissues. In…
Adenopathy
Enlargement of lymph nodes detected on imaging. May indicate infection or cancer. Also called lymphadenopathy.
Adynamic Ileus
A condition in which the intestines stop moving normally without a physical blockage. On X-ray it shows as gas-filled loops…
Aeration
The amount of air within the lungs as seen on X-ray. Normal aeration means the lungs are properly inflated and…
Aganglionic Megacolon
Abnormal enlargement of the colon due to missing nerve cells in the bowel wall. Seen on X-ray or contrast study…
Air Trapping
A condition where air becomes trapped in the lungs or airways. On X-ray it appears as areas of the lung…
Fluoroscopy
A dynamic radiographic modality providing real-time, continuous X-ray images, essential for assessing oropharyngeal and esophageal motility phases.
Mediastinum
The extrapleural space between the left and right pleural sacs, containing the trachea, esophagus, heart, and great vessels.
Stricture
A localized narrowing of a tubular organ (e.g. esophagus, urethra, intestine) caused by circumferential fibrous scar tissue, typically following deep…
Esophagitis
Inflammation of the esophageal mucosa, often secondary to gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), chronic emesis, or chemical/caustic ingestion.
Dysautonomia
A failure of the autonomic nervous system leading to widespread visceral dysfunction, including profound esophageal aperistalsis.
Polymyositis
A generalized inflammatory disease of the skeletal muscles, which can lead to weakness and secondary megaesophagus.
Hypoadrenocorticism
An endocrine disorder due to deficient secretion of glucocorticoids and/or mineralocorticoids by the adrenal cortex.
Persistent Right Aortic Arch
The most prevalent vascular ring anomaly where the right 4th aortic arch persists as the functional aorta; the esophagus is…
Idiopathic
A term used to describe a disease or condition that arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown.
Vascular Ring Anomalies
A group of congenital cardiovascular malformations where fetal aortic arches persist abnormally, forming a functional ring that constricts the esophagus…
Vomiting
The active, forceful expulsion of stomach contents involving abdominal contractions, retching, and nausea.
Regurgitation
The passive expulsion of undigested food or fluid from the esophagus before it reaches the stomach; unlike vomiting, it involves…
Aspiration Pneumonia
Lung infection or inflammation resulting from the inhalation of foreign material (saliva, gastric contents, or food) into the lower airways.
Megaesophagus
A clinical syndrome characterized by diffuse esophageal dilation and impaired secondary peristalsis, resulting from sensory or motor dysfunction of the…
Signs of intestinal obstruction in dogs: Radiographs, Diagnosis and When Surgery Is Needed
Intestinal obstruction in dogs is a common emergency that can quickly become life-threatening. Learn the signs of intestinal obstruction in…
Dog Bone Cancer Symptoms: Radiographic Clues and Early Detection of Osteosarcoma in Dogs
Dog bone cancer symptoms in dogs often start with progressive lameness, pain, swelling, and poor response to NSAIDs. Learn how…
Archiving
The process of storing digital medical images and reports for future reference. In veterinary practices this is done using PACS…
Artifact
Any feature on a medical image that does not represent actual anatomy or pathology but is caused by equipment limitations…
Ascites
Accumulation of free fluid in the abdominal cavity. On ultrasound and X-ray it appears as a large fluid collection surrounding…
Aspiration Pneumonia
Inflammation of the lungs caused by inhaling foreign material such as food or vomit. Appears on X-ray as areas of…
Atelectasis
Collapse or incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung. Appears as increased whiteness (opacity) on X-ray in the…
Attenuation
The weakening of an X-ray beam as it passes through tissue. Dense tissues like bone attenuate more and appear whiter…
Axial Plane
A horizontal cross-sectional view through the body — as if the body were sliced from front to back at a…
B-mode Ultrasound
The standard mode of ultrasound imaging that produces a 2D grayscale image of internal structures based on reflected sound waves.
Barium Contrast Study
A diagnostic imaging technique in which barium sulfate (a white liquid) is swallowed or given as an enema to outline…
Fluoroscopy
A dynamic radiographic modality providing real-time, continuous X-ray images, essential for assessing oropharyngeal and esophageal motility phases.
Esophagram
A contrast-enhanced radiographic examination of the esophagus using positive contrast media to define luminal morphology and mucosal integrity.
Air Bronchograms
A radiographic sign where air-filled bronchi are outlined by opaque, consolidated lung parenchyma, indicating alveolar disease.
Endoscopy
A diagnostic procedure utilizing a flexible endoscope to provide direct visualization of the esophageal and gastric mucosa.
Complete Blood Count
A quantitative and qualitative hematological analysis of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes to assess inflammation or anemia.
Biochemistry
A serum analysis measuring metabolic biomarkers, enzymes, and electrolytes to evaluate visceral organ function.
Urinalysis
A screening that evaluates the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine to assess renal and systemic health.
Mediastinal Mass
A space-occupying lesion within the mediastinum that may displace the trachea, esophagus, or heart.
Esophageal Foreign Body
The acute lodgment of an exogenous object within the esophageal lumen, often at sites of physiological narrowing.
Esophageal Perforation
A hole or tear in the wall of the esophagus, often caused by sharp foreign bodies or severe esophagitis, allowing…
Abdominocentesis
A procedure in which fluid is removed from the abdominal cavity using a needle for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Commonly…
Acoustic Enhancement
In veterinary ultrasound, acoustic enhancement (posterior enhancement) is increased echogenicity seen distal to fluid-filled structures (e.g., urinary bladder, cysts). It…
Acoustic Shadow
Acoustic shadowing is a dark (anechoic) area distal to highly attenuating structures such as bone, calculi (stones), or gas. These…
Acoustic Window
An acoustic window is a structure or area that allows optimal transmission of ultrasound waves to visualize deeper tissues. In…
Adenopathy
Enlargement of lymph nodes detected on imaging. May indicate infection or cancer. Also called lymphadenopathy.
Adynamic Ileus
A condition in which the intestines stop moving normally without a physical blockage. On X-ray it shows as gas-filled loops…
Aeration
The amount of air within the lungs as seen on X-ray. Normal aeration means the lungs are properly inflated and…
Aganglionic Megacolon
Abnormal enlargement of the colon due to missing nerve cells in the bowel wall. Seen on X-ray or contrast study…
Air Trapping
A condition where air becomes trapped in the lungs or airways. On X-ray it appears as areas of the lung…
Aliasing
An artifact in ultrasound or MRI where blood flow or motion appears to go in the wrong direction because the…
Alveolar Pattern
A type of lung pattern on X-ray where the air sacs (alveoli) are filled with fluid or cells instead of…
Analog Radiography
Traditional film-based X-ray imaging that uses light-sensitive film to capture images. Now largely replaced by digital systems.
Anechoic
Describing a structure on ultrasound that appears completely black because it produces no echoes. Usually indicates fluid.
Angiography
An imaging technique that uses contrast dye injected into blood vessels to visualize their structure and detect blockages or abnormalities.
Annular Lesion
In veterinary imaging and pathology, an annular lesion refers to a ring-shaped abnormality, often characterized by a central area with…
Aperture
The opening in an X-ray or CT machine through which the patient passes or through which the X-ray beam is…
Mediastinum
The extrapleural space between the left and right pleural sacs, containing the trachea, esophagus, heart, and great vessels.
Stricture
A localized narrowing of a tubular organ (e.g. esophagus, urethra, intestine) caused by circumferential fibrous scar tissue, typically following deep…
Esophagitis
Inflammation of the esophageal mucosa, often secondary to gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), chronic emesis, or chemical/caustic ingestion.
Dysautonomia
A failure of the autonomic nervous system leading to widespread visceral dysfunction, including profound esophageal aperistalsis.
Polymyositis
A generalized inflammatory disease of the skeletal muscles, which can lead to weakness and secondary megaesophagus.
Hypoadrenocorticism
An endocrine disorder due to deficient secretion of glucocorticoids and/or mineralocorticoids by the adrenal cortex.
Persistent Right Aortic Arch
The most prevalent vascular ring anomaly where the right 4th aortic arch persists as the functional aorta; the esophagus is…
Vascular Ring Anomalies
A group of congenital cardiovascular malformations where fetal aortic arches persist abnormally, forming a functional ring that constricts the esophagus…
Idiopathic
A term used to describe a disease or condition that arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown.
Vomiting
The active, forceful expulsion of stomach contents involving abdominal contractions, retching, and nausea.
Regurgitation
The passive expulsion of undigested food or fluid from the esophagus before it reaches the stomach; unlike vomiting, it involves…
Aspiration Pneumonia
Lung infection or inflammation resulting from the inhalation of foreign material (saliva, gastric contents, or food) into the lower airways.
Megaesophagus
A clinical syndrome characterized by diffuse esophageal dilation and impaired secondary peristalsis, resulting from sensory or motor dysfunction of the…
Megaesophagus
A clinical syndrome characterized by diffuse esophageal dilation and impaired secondary peristalsis, resulting from sensory or motor dysfunction of the…
IVDD in Dogs: How Radiographs, CT, and MRI Guide Diagnosis and Treatment Decisions
A clinical guide to IVDD in dogs: neurologic grading, what spinal radiographs show and miss, when to escalate to CT…
Radiographic Signs of Canine Cardiac Disease: VHS, VLAS, and When to Use Echocardiography
Learn how to identify cardiac enlargement on canine radiographs using VHS and VLAS, recognize pulmonary changes, and determine when echocardiography…
Canine Thoracic Radiograph Interpretation: A Systematic Approach for General Practitioners
How to identify, characterize, and stage pulmonary masses and nodules on canine radiographs, and when radiographs are enough versus when…
Canine Lung Cancer on Radiographs: Primary Tumors, Metastatic Disease, and When to Push for CT
How to identify, characterize, and stage pulmonary masses and nodules on canine radiographs, and when radiographs are enough versus when…
Megaesophagus in Dogs: Radiographic Diagnosis, Aspiration Pneumonia Risk, and Clinical Management
Learn how to diagnose megaesophagus in dogs on radiographs, recognize aspiration pneumonia risk, investigate underlying causes, and manage canine megaesophagus…
Pleural Effusion in Cats: Radiographic Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis by Signalment, and Triage Decisions
Pleural effusion in cats is a major cause of respiratory distress. Learn the key radiographic signs, signalment-based differentials, and how…
SignalPET Showcases Veterinary AI on WFAA+ Good Morning Texas
SignalPET was featured on WFAA+ Good Morning Texas, showcasing how its AI-powered radiology platform helps veterinarians interpret X-rays faster and…
Diaphragmatic Hernia in Dogs and Cats: Diagnosis, Imaging Strategies, and the Impact of AI
A diaphragmatic hernia occurs when abdominal viscera protrude through a defect in the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity. In small…
Uterine Distension in Dogs and Cats: Detection, Interpretation, and the Clinical Value of AI
Uterine distension in dogs and cats can indicate serious reproductive disease such as pyometra, mucometra, or metritis. Learn how to…
Thoracic Masses in Dogs and Cats: Diagnostic Approach, Imaging Strategies, and the Role of AI
This article explores the major causes of thoracic masses, how to localize them radiographically, when to pursue advanced diagnostics, and…
Increased Thoracic Opacities
Increased thoracic opacity on radiographs can indicate pulmonary disease, thoracic masses, or pleural effusion in dogs and cats. This guide…
Lysis of the Third Phalanx: Why Early Detection Matters and How Al Can Help
Lysis of the third phalanx also referred to as P3 bone loss characterised by destruction or resorption of this bone…
Left Atrial Enlargement in Dogs and Cats: Detection, Interpretation, and the Clinical Value of AI
Left atrial enlargement (LAE) is a common but important radiographic and echocardiographic finding in small animal cardiology. LAE commonly reflects…
Abdominal Masses in Dogs and Cats: Detection, Diagnostic Strategies, and the Role of AI
The discovery of an abdominal mass in dogs and cats is a clinically significant finding. These masses can arise from…
Comparison of radiological interpretation made by veterinary radiologists and state-of-the-art commercial AI software for canine and feline radiographic studies
As human medical diagnostics are scarcely available, especially in veterinary care, artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly used as a…
Interview With the SignalPET Team
SignalPET, which was founded in 2018, uses AI and machine learning technology to analyze radiographs and standardize interpretation, which helps…
Optimizing Your Radiography Technique for Joint Assessments
Radiographs offer invaluable visualization of the bony structures involved in canine lameness and joint disease. However, obtaining properly positioned, high-quality…
Enhancing Your Proficiency in Canine Lameness Assessment
As veterinary professionals, accurately evaluating and diagnosing the cause of lameness in canine patients is one of the most critical…
A Review of Diaphragmatic Hernias
Diaphragmatic hernias are commonly recognized by small animal clinicians and may be congenital or traumatic in origin, and acute or…
Artificial Intelligence is revolutionizing veterinary medicine. Are you missing out?
This month, dvm360's August 2021 article by Karen Todd-Jenkins, VMD, discusses how artificial intelligence solutions can help advance your veterinary practice's capabilities.…
Better Teeth, Better Health. A Reason to SMILE.
According to the American Veterinary Dental Society, approximately 80% of dogs and 70% of cats over 3 years of age…
Imaging the Coughing Dog
Coughing is one of the most common presenting complaints for dogs in small animal practices. The clinical signs associated with…
Canine Osteoarthritis – Ache it until they can’t make it
Canine osteoarthritis (OA) is a very common problem that affects between one-third to one-half of all canines at some point…
Breed all about it – A tribute to the Golden Retriever…
The interpretation of thoracic radiographs is a fundamental component of small animal practice. Identifying an increased opacity is a common…
Festive Follies – Tis the season for esophageal foreign bodies!
As we get to crack open the wine and tuck into the delicacies, we wanted to reflect on some common…
Radiology Case of the Week | Feline Miliary Pulmonary Pattern
In this Week's Radiology Case, we take a dive into Feline Miliary Pulmonary Pattern, going over the radiographic appearance and…
Radiology Case of the Week | Peritoneal Pericardial Diaphragmatic Hernias
Peritoneal-pericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH) is a congenital condition whereby the normal anatomic separation between the pericardium and peritoneal cavity fails…
Radiology Case of the Week | Feline Radial Hemimelia
Recently, we have seen two cases of feline radial hemimelia, in which the radius is incompletely formed or absent.
